| 1 |
Author(s):
Semhayi Sapuh, Prof. Nigamananda Das.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
1-8 |
Reimagining Marginal Voices: A Postcolonial Reading of Veio Pou’s Waiting for the Dust to Settle
Abstract
Abstract:
The history of North-East India has often been silenced or relegated to the margins of mainstream cultural and national narratives. Some of the most decisive conflicts and events, such as the Second World War, the Indo-Naga conflicts, insurgency movements, Operation Bluebird, and the Oinam incidents, have largely remained unknown or misunderstood by the rest of the country. These histories have largely been neglected, ignored, or only partially told, and even when documented, they are often narrated by those outside the affected communities, resulting in limited, incomplete, and fragmented representations. Such omissions not only obscure the realities of violence and survival but also shape and distort Naga history, identity, memory, and cultural consciousness. In this context, Veio Pou’s Waiting for the Dust to Settle reimagines the turbulent decades of the 1980s and 1990s and seeks to reclaim the suppressed histories by engaging with inherited memories, oral traditions, and intergenerational storytelling. The novel foregrounds the voices of ordinary people, whose lives were deeply affected by prolonged conflict. This paper examines how Pou’s work reconstructs history and articulates notions of belonging, identity, and memory by situating the narrative within a postcolonial framework that interrogates power, marginality, and the politics of representation.
Keywords: Postcolonial, Insurgency, Naga, Northeast India, History, Operation Bluebird.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Dr. J. Goutham.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Zoology
Page No:
9-15 |
Transgenic Fishes and their Characteristics
Abstract
Making a genetically modified organism is called transgenesis. Fishes act as excellent models compared to mammals due to their breeding procedure, high fecundity. The main objective of gene manipulation in fishes is to enhance growth and efficiency of food conversion, tolerance to environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, to develop new color varieties. The traditional selective breeding had a huge impact on fish production but it is time consuming. Transgenic approach should supplement the selective breeding technology. Warm water fishes such as tilapia, carps and cold water fishes such as salmon, trout were developed transgenetically. The growth in these fishes is increased by transferring growth hormone gene. Using gene manipulation it is possible to change the phenotype and modify the cells which help in curing number of abnormalities. The modification of the fish genomes brings disease resistance, increase in growth helping in aquaculture. In the present study a transgenic fishes and their characters are discussed.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Mohibul Molla.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
16-24 |
Rethinking Muslim Political Marginalisation in Contemporary India: Between Representation and Citizenship
Abstract
The question of Muslim political marginalisation in contemporary India has gained renewed scholarly and political attention, particularly in the context of changing electoral dynamics and the rise of majoritarian politics. India’s constitutional framework emphasises equality, secularism, and inclusive representation; however, empirical realities indicate that Muslims, despite being the largest religious minority, remain significantly underrepresented in legislative institutions and continue to face persistent socio-economic disadvantages (Sachar Committee, 2006; Hasan, 2014). This article critically examines the nature and dimensions of Muslim political marginalisation by situating it within the broader theoretical framework of representation and citizenship. Drawing upon secondary data, government reports, and existing scholarly literature, the study analyses patterns of Muslim political representation, trends in electoral participation, and the structural constraints embedded in India’s first-past-the-post electoral system (Farooqui, 2020). It further explores how issues of identity, security, and minority citizenship intersect with political exclusion, particularly in the post-2014 political context marked by the consolidation of majoritarian narratives (Ahmed, 2019). The article argues that Muslim marginalisation cannot be understood solely in terms of numerical underrepresentation; rather, it reflects a deeper crisis of democratic inclusion and substantive citizenship. The decline in political representation, coupled with limited access to policy-making processes and institutional structures, reinforces existing inequalities and undermines the participatory foundations of Indian democracy. By moving beyond purely electoral metrics, this study highlights the need to reconceptualise minority citizenship and strengthen institutional mechanisms to ensure inclusive and equitable democratic representation in India.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Dr. Anju Bala.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Hindi
Page No:
25-32 |
विदेशी विश्वविद्यालयों में हिंदी शिक्षण की स्थिति
Abstract
हिंदी भाषा भारत की राष्ट्रीय चेतना, सांस्कृतिक विरासत और वैश्विक संवाद की एक सशक्त अभिव्यक्ति है। इक्कीसवीं शताब्दी में हिंदी केवल भारत तक सीमित न रहकर विश्व के अनेक देशों में अध्ययन, अध्यापन और अनुसंधान का विषय बन चुकी है। अमेरिका, ब्रिटेन, रूस, जर्मनी, फ्रांस, जापान, ऑस्ट्रेलिया, बांग्लादेश आदि देशों के विश्वविद्यालयों में हिंदी का शिक्षण विभिन्न रूपों में संचालित हो रहा है। इस शोध-पत्र में मैंने विदेशी विश्वविद्यालयों में हिंदी शिक्षण की वर्तमान स्थिति, उसके ऐतिहासिक विकास, उद्देश्यों तथा शैक्षिक महत्त्व का विश्लेषण करने का प्रयास किया है। प्रस्तुत शोध का उद्देश्य यह स्पष्ट करना है कि हिंदी किस प्रकार वैश्विक स्तर पर एक अकादमिक भाषा के रूप में अपनी पहचान बना रही है तथा किन चुनौतियों और संभावनाओं के बीच इसका विस्तार हो रहा है।
| 5 |
Author(s):
Rajesh Mondal.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
33-49 |
Changing Patterns of Rural Literacy and Occupational Structure in Bankura District, West Bengal (1961 to 2011) and Their Implications for Sustainable Development
Abstract
This study examines the changing patterns of rural literacy and occupational structure in Bankura District, West Bengal, over the period 1961 to 2011, with a focus on their implications for sustainable development. The analysis reveals a substantial increase in literacy levels, rising from 21.55 percent in 1961 to 60.74 percent in 2011. Female literacy shows a comparatively sharper improvement than male literacy, indicating gradual reduction in gender disparity, although the gap still persists. The study also identifies a strong inverse relationship between literacy and early marriage, particularly among females, highlighting the role of education in shaping demographic behaviour.
At the same time, the occupational structure of the district has undergone notable transformation. The share of cultivators has declined significantly, while agricultural labourers have increased, reflecting growing pressure on land and agrarian stress. The service sector has expanded considerably, indicating gradual diversification of the rural economy, although the decline of household industries points to weakening traditional livelihoods.
From a sustainable development perspective, the findings suggest that improvements in literacy have contributed positively to social development, while changes in occupational structure reflect ongoing economic transition. However, persistent regional disparities and sectoral imbalances indicate that the process of development remains uneven. The study emphasizes the need for balanced regional planning, strengthening of rural livelihoods, and promotion of inclusive growth to achieve long term sustainability in the district.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Prantar Kashyap, Prof. Gayatree Goswamee.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
50-55 |
Balancing Passion and Pressure: A Conceptual Analysis of Job Satisfaction and Occupational Stress among Degree College Teachers in Assam
Abstract
The teaching profession in higher education has traditionally been associated with intellectual satisfaction, autonomy, and social prestige. However, in the contemporary academic environment, particularly in regions like Assam, degree college teachers are increasingly facing occupational stress due to expanding roles, institutional expectations, and policy reforms. The present study attempts to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and occupational stress among degree college teachers in Assam using secondary data. The study draws upon existing research, reports, and scholarly literature to identify major stressors and their implications on job satisfaction. Findings from the reviewed literature indicate that a considerable proportion of teachers in Assam experience moderate to high levels of occupational stress arising from workload, administrative responsibilities, infrastructural limitations, and performance pressure. At the same time, intrinsic motivation, such as commitment to teaching and student engagement, continues to contribute positively to job satisfaction. The study reveals an inverse relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction, where increased stress tends to reduce professional fulfillment and effectiveness. The paper emphasizes the need for institutional reforms, supportive work environments, and effective stress management strategies to ensure teacher well-being and enhance the quality of higher education in Assam.
Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Occupational Stress, Degree College Teachers, Assam, Higher Education, Burnout, Work Environment
| 7 |
Author(s):
Dr. Mridula Manglam.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Gender Studies
Page No:
56-64 |
A Feminist Analysis of Indian Bureaucracy
Abstract
The Indian bureaucratic system occupies a central position in governance, often associated with neutrality, rationality, and procedural efficiency. Yet, when viewed through a gendered lens, this apparent neutrality begins to reveal uneven patterns of representation and participation. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality in public employment, women’s presence within higher civil services continues to remain limited, raising questions that extend beyond access alone. Attention to these patterns suggests that the issue may not lie solely in the entry of women into bureaucratic institutions, but also in the ways in which these institutions are structured and experienced. Hierarchical arrangements, organizational norms, and workplace practices appear to intersect with broader social realities, shaping the conditions under which women enter, remain, and advance within these spaces. The assumption of bureaucratic impersonality, therefore, invites reconsideration when situated within historically gendered contexts. The experiences of women within bureaucracy are not uniform; they are mediated by factors such as caste, class, and social location, pointing towards the relevance of an intersectional understanding. Seen in this light, the persistence of gender disparity within bureaucracy may be read not simply as a gap in representation, but as an outcome shaped by deeper institutional and social structures, which continue to influence the possibilities of participation and authority.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Dr. Usnis Banerjee, Prof. Mayank Ranjan.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
65-73 |
Aspects of Using Graphic Narratives in EFL Classrooms
Abstract
The study has its focus on exploring literature related to the use of Graphic Narratives for EFL classrooms. The aims of the study are finding out the aspects, that make Graphic Narratives important for EFL classrooms and the things a teacher should keep in mind while using Graphic Narratives for EFL classrooms. From the available literature relevant to the study the researcher came to know that, the aspects, that make Graphic Narratives important for EFL classrooms are Motivation, Expanding Vocabulary, Pleasure, Providing Clues, Comfort, Presenting, Sociocultural Issues, Reducing the Anxiety and Descriptive details. The available literature also suggests that the aspects that a teacher should keep in mind while using Graphic Narratives for EFL classrooms are Simplicity, The proper way of reading visuals, Simple Sentences and Storytelling. To find out the generalizations regarding the area of study the available literature was analysed. As a result the researcher has come across some research gaps. Those gaps have been listed in the conclusion part so that they can be filled up by other researchers in future.
Keywords: Graphic Narratives, EFL classrooms, Graphic Novels, Language Learning, Language Teaching, English Language Teaching.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Shikha Katyal.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
74-89 |
How Generation Z Shapes the Future of Indian English: Trends in Social Media Communication
Abstract
Abstract: The generation born at the dawn of the digital era Gen Z is quickly changing the language usage patterns all over the world, including the transformation of Indian English. This essay discusses the impact of the communication pattern of Gen Z users in India in changing the nature of the Indian English to the transformation of the Indian language to be more aligned with the usage of social media apps like Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, X (Twitter) and the new short-video applications. Being digital natives, the online environment of Gen Z implies speed, creativity, multimodality, and permeable language borders in the interactions of this generation. These aspects work together to create a specific linguistic trend a mixture of Indian English and local vocabularies, world internet jargon, emojis, memes, and a blend of expressions.
The paper discusses some of the major trends such as mixing and switching English, Hindi, and regional language; the growth of the Indianised English jargon slang, and the spread of abbreviation, phonetised spelling, and vocabulary that is based on memes. It also mentions that the new linguistic patterns are popularized by social media influencers, content creators, and micro-communities and go viral on social media fast. These changes cannot be seen as inert communication preferences only, as they are also connected with the changing cultural identities, with language as a means of self-expression, humor, resistance and even social identification.
Moreover, the study explains how the application of the Gen Z questions conventional standards of Standard Indian English in the sense that it opens more democratized, flowing and globally connected linguistic world. The effect of algorithms, trending content structures, and platform-specific communication styles is also examined to learn the role of digital systems in the development of linguistic innovation.
Finally, the paper suggests that Gen Z is contributing strongly to the future of the direction of Indian English. The digital communication patterns which they engage in lead to the appearance of dynamic, mixed language variation that is reflective of the Indian youth culture today and part of the general socio-technological changes. The results highlight the need to appreciate the influence of social media as a highly semiotic environment on which new Indian variations of the English language have been generated, bargained, and propagated with.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Gouri Bhunia.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
90-98 |
From Scientific Knowledge to Social Justice: The Science-Society Intersection Through Public Policy In India
Abstract
In contemporary governance, scientific knowledge increasingly informs public decision-making in areas such as agriculture, public health, and environmental management. While the integration of science into policymaking can promote development and address major social challenges, translating evidence into policy raises critical normative questions about justice, fairness and equitable access. While empirical data identify effective interventions, the design and implementation of policies are shaped by political institutions, ethical norms, and social structures. This chapter examines the intersection between science and society through public policy in India and evaluates whether this relationship contributes to socially just outcomes.
The chapter first conceptualises the science–society intersection as the point where scientific knowledge and social needs converge in policy processes. It then analyses how this intersection operates in India by examining key policy areas, including the Green Revolution, public health responses during the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental sustainability initiatives. Through these cases, the chapter demonstrates that science-based policies have produced significant developmental achievements but have also generated regional, economic, and social disparities. Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of Amartya Sen and John Rawls, the chapter argues that scientific advancement alone cannot guarantee justice unless policy frameworks actively address issues of equity and accessibility. It concludes that science-based policymaking must incorporate principles of inclusive participation, institutional support, and equitable distribution to ensure that scientific knowledge contributes not only to development but also to the broader goal of social justice.
Keywords: Science–Society Intersection, Public Policy, Evidence-Based Policymaking, India, Development and Inequality, Social Justice.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Mohibul Molla.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
99-107 |
Minority Politics and Electoral Consolidation in West Bengal: A Study of the Post-2011 Era
Abstract
The transformation of minority politics in West Bengal after 2011 has emerged as a significant area of academic and political inquiry, particularly in the context of regime change and shifting electoral dynamics. The decline of the Left Front and the rise of the Trinamool Congress (TMC) marked a new phase in the political landscape of the state, where minority communities, especially Muslims, assumed renewed electoral importance (Bhattacharyya, 2015). Despite constituting a substantial proportion of the population, the political engagement and representation of minorities in West Bengal have been shaped by a complex interplay of welfare policies, identity politics, and strategic electoral behaviour (Hasan, 2014; Ahmed, 2019). This paper seeks to examine the nature and trajectory of minority politics in West Bengal in the post-2011 period by situating it within the broader framework of electoral consolidation and democratic inclusion. Drawing upon secondary data, election results, government reports, and existing scholarly literature, the study analyses patterns of minority voting behaviour, the role of welfare schemes in political mobilisation, and the impact of the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) on identity-based politics in the state (Election Commission of India, various years; Government of India, 2006). The article argues that minority politics in West Bengal cannot be understood solely in terms of vote bank dynamics; rather, it reflects a strategic negotiation between identity, security, and development concerns. While the TMC has largely succeeded in consolidating minority support through targeted welfare initiatives and symbolic representation, the increasing polarisation associated with the growth of the BJP has introduced new challenges to the existing political equilibrium (Purakayastha, 2018). By critically examining these developments, the study highlights the evolving nature of minority politics in West Bengal and its implications for democratic representation, social cohesion, and electoral competition in contemporary India
| 12 |
Author(s):
Goutama Kandhapani, Shubhashree Nag.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
108-119 |
Between Law and Reality: Examining Tribal Self-Governance in Rayagada and Koraput Districts of Odisha
Abstract
Abstract
In 2036, Odisha will complete one hundred years as a linguistic state. As we look toward this milestone and dream of a developed Odisha, it is important to ask, whose voices define development, and who actually benefits from it? At the same time, questions of indigenous autonomy, inclusion and justice became significant. This paper examines tribal self-governance in the districts of Rayagada and Koraput, where strong constitutional safeguards such as the Fifth Schedule, PESA (1996), and the Forest Rights Act (2006) exist in principle; however, their implementation often reveals a gap between law and reality. Through case studies of Niyamgiri, Narayanpatna, and Sijhimali, the paper highlights the limitations of processes such as consent, participation, and rights recognition in practice. Simultaneously, it shows that tribal communities still seek their autonomy by relying on the traditional institutions, collective mobilisation and on the support of the civil society. The study argues that a connection between legal provisions and realities has to be bridged to realize meaningful and inclusive development. It recommends that the tribal communities are not to be seen as an obstacle, but as an active participant whose rights, knowledge, practices, and voices must be central to Odisha’s development trajectory.Keywords: (Tribal self-Governance, PESA, Fifth Schedule, Niyamgiri, Narayanpatna, Sijhimali, Gram Sabha, Odisha 2036)
| 13 |
Author(s):
Dr. V. Dhivya.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
120-125 |
From Domestic Roles to Public Identity: A Liberal Feminist Perspective of Anuja Chauhan’s The House That BJ Built
Abstract
Anuja Chauhan’s The House That BJ Built portrays women as they negotiate the expectations of family life while gradually stepping into visible social roles beyond the household. Liberal feminism promotes equal opportunities for women in education, employment, and legal rights to enable full participation in society. Anuja Chauhan’s novel depicts the Thakur family at 16 Hailey Road, where the granddaughter, Bonita Singh Rajawat, transforms the upstairs space into a thriving tailoring unit called Vicky’s Secret. The novel follows her daily management of members, including Parveen and the head tailor, Daulat Master, amid family pressures from step-cousin Samar Vir Singh’s unexpected return after his Sparkler Awards scandal. Bonu’s efforts to maintain economic stability contrast with the patriarch, Justice Laxmi Narayan Thakur’s, declining health and the historical partition of the house among his daughters, Anjini, Binni, Chandralekha, Debjani, and Eshwari. These elements illustrate women shifting from confined household duties to independent professional roles while claiming a share in family assets. The novel also highlights Samar’s interactions with Bonu and BJ during his stay downstairs, revealing tensions over access to the upstairs, which is locked. Such developments align with liberal feminist calls for removing barriers that limit women’s contributions beyond the home. The novel thus portrays practical steps toward gender parity through business ownership and property rights without disrupting core family bonds.
Keywords: Liberal feminism, economic independence, property rights, family inheritance, professional women, Thakur family
| 14 |
Author(s):
Mrs. Arya M S, Dr. M. Richard Robert Raa.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Humanities
Page No:
126-130 |
Manhood on Trial: Kali’s Emotional Trauma under Patriarchal Surveillance in One Part Woman
Abstract
This paper explores the emotional agony endured by Kali, an infertile man in the context of patriarchal rural Indian society. Utilizing R.W. Connell’s idea of hegemonic masculinity as a theoretical lens, the present work analyzes how the prevailing cultural standards of manhood—primarily those relating to virility, patrimony, and fertility—are used to construct and define the masculine identity. Kali’s inability to have a baby marks him as socially defective and hence exposes him to constant criticism and ridicule.Placed within the broader social and religious context of rural Tamil Nadu, the novel shows that social conventions and rituals act as surveillance mechanisms under patriarchy. Kali’s identity as a man is not an intrinsic characteristic but a socially constructed one that is constantly monitored by his family members, peers, and customs. The struggle to meet the societal expectation results in a feeling of alienation, as he finds himself emasculated due to the inability to conform to hegemonic standards. This leads to further distress in his marriage as he starts developing an emotional distance due to his perceived inadequacy as a husband.
The proposed paper suggests that the agony of Kali violates the traditional patriarchy discourse which glorifies the idea of masculine superiority without considering its weaknesses. The text-based approach will help to identify the nature of a phenomenon known as 'silent masculinity' where an individual does not express their emotional experiences because of social pressures. In addition, the influence of religious justification on the development of oppressive behaviour patterns will be considered in regard to the festival held at the temple as an alternative to infertility.
| 15 |
Author(s):
R. Nagaraj, Dr. S. Sureshkumar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
131-135 |
Technology and Social Media as Investigative Tools in Chetan Bhagat’s Detective Fiction
Abstract
Modern communication technologies play a crucial role in Bhagat’s crime narratives, shaping both plot and character interaction. This article analyses the use of social media like Instagram, Telegram, and technology in Chetan Bhagat’s The Girl in Room 105, One Arranged Murder, and 400 Days, highlighting how digital networks facilitate investigation and reflect the realities of contemporary social life. The study demonstrates that Bhagat integrates technology seamlessly into narrative structure, showing how digital literacy and online interaction redefine amateur detective work in India.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Shiwam kumar, Devendra Kumar Himanshu.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
136-146 |
Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Change and NDVI-Based Vegetation Dynamics Using Google Earth Engine in Ballia District, India
Abstract
Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change and vegetation dynamics are critical indicators of environmental transformation and human environment interactions. Rapid agricultural expansion and urbanization have significantly altered natural landscapes, particularly in developing regions. Therefore, understanding these changes is essential for sustainable land management and ecological conservation. The present study aims to assess the Spatio-temporal changes in LULC and vegetation dynamics in Ballia district between 2017 and 2024. This study utilized the Dynamic World dataset for LULC classification and Landsat 8 Collection 2 Level-2 imagery for NDVI analysis, processed using the Google Earth Engine platform. A mode-based classification approach was employed to generate LULC maps, while NDVI was calculated to evaluate vegetation health. Change detection techniques were applied to identify spatial transformations in land use and vegetation patterns. The results revealed a significant increase in agricultural land and built-up areas, accompanied by a substantial decline in vegetation cover, barren land, and water bodies. Additionally, NDVI analysis indicated a slight improvement in maximum vegetation health; however, the overall green area decreased during the study period. Spatial analysis further highlighted heterogeneous patterns of change, with major transformations occurring near riverbanks and expanding settlements. The study demonstrates that increasing anthropogenic activities are driving significant landscape changes in the region, leading to ecological imbalance. These findings emphasize the need for sustainable land use planning and effective environmental management strategies to ensure long-term ecological stability.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Mithlesh Sankhla, Dr. Shruti Pandey.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Home Science
Page No:
147-153 |
Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status Among Children 9-17 Years Associated with NGOs in Ajmer District
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the anthropometric profile and nutritional status of children aged 9–17 years associated with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). A total of 420 children were selected using purposive sampling technique from selected NGOs in Ajmer district. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) were recorded using standardized methods to evaluate growth patterns and nutritional status. The collected data were analyzed to observe age-wise variations and overall trends among the study participants. The findings of the study revealed a gradual and consistent increase in height, weight, BMI, and WHR with advancing age, indicating normal growth progression among children. However, despite this positive trend, the observed values were found to be within lower to moderate ranges when compared to standard growth references. This suggests the presence of underlying nutritional limitations and possible dietary inadequacies among children residing in NGOs. The study emphasizes that anthropometric assessment serves as a simple, cost-effective, and reliable method for evaluating the nutritional status of children, especially in resource-limited settings. It also highlights the need for timely nutritional interventions and health programs to improve the overall growth and development of children belonging to vulnerable population groups. These findings can be useful for policymakers and health professionals in planning targeted nutrition strategies.
Keywords: anthropometry, nutritional status, children, body mass index, ngos.
| 18 |
Author(s):
आनन्द कुमार आशोधिया.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Humanities
Page No:
154-159 |
हीर–राँझा की हरियाणवी रागणी परंपरा: पिंगल शास्त्र के आलोक में एक सांस्कृतिक विश्लेषण (रागणी 8–16 के संदर्भ में)
Abstract
यह शोध-पत्र हरियाणवी लोक-साहित्य की प्रमुख विधा ‘रागणी’ के माध्यम से हीर–राँझा कथा के मध्य एवं उत्तरार्ध (रागणी 8–16) का समालोचनात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। अध्ययन का उद्देश्य यह समझना है कि प्रेम, विरह, सामाजिक नियंत्रण तथा आध्यात्मिक रूपांतरण जैसी अवधारणाएँ रागणी परंपरा में किस प्रकार अभिव्यक्त होती हैं। यह शोध गुणात्मक पद्धति पर आधारित है, जिसमें पाठ-विश्लेषण के साथ पिंगल शास्त्र के छंद-विधान—विशेषतः मात्रा-संतुलन, यति और तुकांत योजना—का उपयोग किया गया है। साथ ही सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन और लोक-आख्यान के सैद्धांतिक दृष्टिकोणों के माध्यम से रचनाओं के सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक अर्थों की व्याख्या की गई है।
अध्ययन से स्पष्ट होता है कि रागणी 8–16 कथा के एक महत्वपूर्ण संक्रमण चरण का प्रतिनिधित्व करती हैं, जहाँ प्रेम रोमांटिक आकर्षण से सामाजिक संघर्ष में परिवर्तित होकर अंततः विरह और वैराग्य की ओर अग्रसर होता है। हीर का जबरन विवाह, राँझा का विलाप और उसका जोगी रूप धारण करना व्यक्ति और समाज के बीच अंतर्विरोध को उजागर करते हैं। इस प्रक्रिया में पितृसत्तात्मक संरचना के अंतर्गत नारी की सीमित स्वतंत्रता भी स्पष्ट रूप से सामने आती है।
यह शोध निष्कर्ष रूप में प्रतिपादित करता है कि हरियाणवी रागणी केवल मंचीय अभिव्यक्ति नहीं, बल्कि सांस्कृतिक स्मृति, सामाजिक आलोचना और मानवीय भावनाओं की गहन अभिव्यक्ति का सशक्त माध्यम है, जो क्षेत्रीय और सार्वभौमिक अनुभवों के बीच सेतु का कार्य करती है।
| 19 |
Author(s):
Dr. Prashant Kumar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
160-167 |
भारतीय राजनीति का वैचारिक आधार: एकतावाद और अनेकतावाद
Abstract
प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र भारतीय राजनीति के दो मूलभूत वैचारिक धाराओं — एकतावाद और अनेकतावाद — का विश्लेषण करता है। औपनिवेशिक काल से लेकर आज तक भारतीय राजनीतिक विमर्श इन्हीं दो ध्रुवों के इर्द–गिर्द आकार लेता रहा है। एकतावाद यह मानता है कि भारत एक सांस्कृतिक, सभ्यतागत और ऐतिहासिक इकाई है जिसकी आत्मा एक है — सनातन परम्परा में निहित। दूसरी ओर अनेकतावाद यह मानता है कि भारत अनेक भाषाओं, पंथों, नृजातियों और क्षेत्रीय पहचानों का एक संग्रह है, जहाँ राजनीतिक–प्रशासनिक एकता ही वास्तविक बंधन है।
यह शोध पत्र इन दोनों विचारधाराओं के ऐतिहासिक उद्गम, प्रमुख प्रतिनिधियों, दार्शनिक आधारों, आपसी संघर्ष और वर्तमान राजनीतिक परिदृश्य में उनकी प्रासंगिकता का व्यवस्थित विवेचन करता है। साथ ही यह जातिवाद, क्षेत्रवाद और साम्यवाद जैसी उप–विचारधाराओं की भूमिका को भी इसी व्यापक ढाँचे में समझने का प्रयास करता है।
| 20 |
Author(s):
नैनुंग नोनांग, डॉ. बृजेश कुमार.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Hindi
Page No:
168-175 |
अरुणाचल प्रदेश के हिन्दी कथा-साहित्य में चित्रित ग्रामीण जीवन
Abstract
यह शोध पत्र हिन्दी कथा-साहित्य के परिप्रेक्ष्य में उल्लेखित ग्रामीण जीवन का विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। पर्वतीय प्रांत अरुणाचल प्रदेश छोटे-छोटे गाँवों से घिरा हुआ आदिवासियों का निवास-स्थल है, जहाँ विस्तृत समाज की विविधता देखी जाती है। इन्हीं गाँवों की परंपराओं, विचारों आदि के अंतर्गत हिंदी कथा-साहित्य की रचना होती है। ग्रामीण जीवन की सामाजिक व्यवस्था से परिपूर्ण कथा-साहित्य की सृष्टि इन कथाओं में स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाई देती है। अर्थात इन साहित्यों में उनकी सामाजिक व्यवस्था, परंपराएँ, जीवन-मूल्य आदि की प्रभावपूर्ण अभिव्यक्ति हुई है। अरुणाचल प्रदेश के कथा-साहित्य लेखक के विचारों, भावों तथा नैतिक बोध की अभिव्यक्ति का महत्वपूर्ण माध्यम हैं। हिन्दी कथा-साहित्य में समाज में प्रचलित भावनाओं के साथ-साथ समाज-सुधार की आकांक्षा भी स्पष्ट रूप से परिलक्षित होती है।
| 21 |
Author(s):
Dr. Smita Iyer, Ms. Sharon Varghese.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Management
Page No:
176-181 |
A Study on the Impact of Influencer’s Marketing on Gen Z’s Purchase Decision
Abstract
The surge of digital platforms has significantly redefined how modern consumers behave, particularly Generation Z. Influencer marketing has become a potent strategy for brands aiming to shape purchase intentions by leveraging the authenticity and relatability of social media personalities. This paper investigates the underlying psychological mechanisms that influence Gen Z’s buying behaviors through the dual perspectives of Social Identity Theory and Uses and Gratification Theory. By integrating prior literature on influencer credibility, identity resonance, and content gratification, this study offers a conceptual model to guide marketing strategies targeting Gen Z consumers.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Anirban Banik.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Performing Arts
Page No:
182-188 |
Exilic Cultures on Display: Tourism, Theatre, and Appropriation in Tripura
Abstract
The development of tourism in Tripura is a region with a rich cultural heritage, but also shaped by displacement. It involves complex dynamics in the preservation and appropriation of culture. This study focuses on the influence of tourism on Bengali refugee communities who settled in Tripura after the Partition and subsequent migration from Bangladesh. It looks at how the influence of tourism changes cultural expressions such as Manasa Mangal narratives, Maimansingha Gitika, Patachitra, and Gajan rituals. Spiritual saga Manasa Mangal's Behula-Lakhindar, and rural life celebration Maimansingha Gitika, now serve foreign tourists. From performative mode into more ornamented souvenirs, Patachitra, Gajan rituals, and something related to farm-based cultural quests are turned into exotic spectacles, alienating the very community this project speaks about. This research depicts the degradation of rich traditions but also demonstrates resistance as communities adapt to reclaim agency and preserve identity. It supports responsible tourism that aligns cultural preservation with community empowerment.
| 23 |
Author(s):
Shashank Tripathi, Dr. Rana Pratap Yadav.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
189-197 |
Rural-Urban Disparity in Lucknow District: A Comparative Analysis of Male-Female Literacy using Dissimilarity Index (2001-2011)
Abstract
This study examines rural–urban disparity in Lucknow district with a specific focus on male and female literacy patterns using the Index of Dissimilarity. Based on secondary data from the Census of India (2001 and 2011), the research analyses the spatial distribution of literacy across rural and urban areas and evaluates gender-based differences. The dissimilarity index is employed as a quantitative tool to measure inequality in literacy distribution between male and female populations.
The findings reveal that the dissimilarity index declined from 0.048 in 2001 to 0.030 in 2011, indicating a reduction in rural–urban gender disparity and a movement towards greater equality. The improvement is largely attributed to a significant rise in female literacy, particularly in rural areas, supported by government initiatives such as universal education programs and increased awareness of female education. Despite this progress, a certain level of disparity persists, highlighting the continued influence of socio-economic and cultural barriers.
The study concludes that while Lucknow district has made notable progress in reducing literacy inequality, sustained policy efforts are required to achieve complete gender parity and balanced rural–urban development. The use of statistical measures like the Index of Dissimilarity proves effective in understanding and monitoring spatial inequalities in socio-economic indicators.
| 24 |
Author(s):
Prof. Utasav Anand, Deepa Sahu.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
198-208 |
Public and Private Primary Schools in Madhya Pradesh: A Comparative Analysis of Enrollment Dynamics
Abstract
Abstract
The Primary Education level is build the base of the students in which they learn different things not only related to studies but also learn discipline, living standards, understand the surrounded environment. According to World Bank, India spend 4.1% to 4.6% of its GDP on education between the year 2015 to 2024. As per the Union Budget 2026-27 amount allocate to education is Rs. 1,39,289.48 Cr. to the Ministry of Education for providing better facilities and free education & accessories especially to government primary schools students. The study aims to compare enrollment rate and factors that influenced enrollment rate between Government and Private primary schools in Madhya Pradesh. The method were used was a descriptive method and analyze a Secondary data. The findings shows that enrollment trend in government primary schools declining and private primary schools rate increases. The basic factors like drinking water, toilet, library, computer & internet availability, electricity and hand wash facilities availability in primary schools are influenced enrollment rate in private primary schools. The Parental preference towards facilities is shifting to the private primary schools. Therefore, both the schools has corresponding role in fulfil universal primary education in Madhya Pradesh.
Key words: Primary Education, living standards, World Bank, Union Budget, GDP, Enrollment, Madhya Pradesh.
| 25 |
Author(s):
Yamini K. Menon.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Commerce
Page No:
209-224 |
Beyond Influence: How Trust and Authenticity Drive Consumer Engagement and Purchase Intention in Social Media Marketing
Abstract
Abstract
This study examines the cohesive structure connecting trust, authenticity, engagement, and purchase intention in influencer marketing. The study utilised data from 250 respondents and applied regression, ANOVA, MANOVA, moderation, and mediation analyses to evaluate seven hypotheses. The findings established that trust is a strong predictor of authenticity, authenticity fosters engagement, and engagement propels purchase intention. Moderation research indicated that influencer type enhances the authenticity–engagement relationship, especially for micro influencers among younger demographics. Mediation research revealed that dynamic content forms (Reels, Stories, Live sessions) partially moderate the relationship between authenticity and engagement. The distinctions in product categories underscore that fashion and beauty rely on trust and authenticity, whereas technology and fitness depend on interaction and content attributes. The results enhance influencer marketing theory by confirming regulated and mediated pathways and broaden managerial practice by providing practical options for customising influencer campaigns. The implications for digital transformation and prospective research avenues are examined.
| 26 |
Author(s):
NURSANG LAMA.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
225-234 |
Exploring Gender Dynamics and challenges in the Educational Participation among Tribal Community of West Bengal
Abstract
Education is one of the important factors that leads to the development of the society. Education will immediately lead to nation-building if every member of society has access to it. Education is crucial for a society’s socioeconomic progress. A person’s level of education and career are important factors in determining how they will live their lives. After the discovery of the importance of education for all, Inclusive education has been introduced to educate the students with diverse need, culture and language under one roof as a result of which students may learn national and international integration and equality will be maintained in the society. National Education Policy 2020 also describes about need of the upliftment of the backward classes (ST, SC, OBC, Women, third gender etc.) who are deprived from their educational right. An effort has been made through this paper to highlight challenges and issues pertaining in the path of education of the Tribal Women in West Bengal. The study is based on secondary data like review of previous researches, books, and researcher has also used the data from Tribal Development Department and Ministry of Tribal Affairs to find out the educational schemes for spreading education among the Scheduled Tribe people, especially women in the state. 2001 and 2011 census data have been used to identify the disparity in the literacy status of tribal men and women.
KEY WORDS: gender dynamics, tribal populations, empowerment, education
| 27 |
Author(s):
Dr. Manisha Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Psychology
Page No:
235-241 |
A Psychological Analysis of Indian Knowledge Systems in the Modern Educational Curriculum: A Study in Faridabad District
Abstract
In recent years, the incorporation of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) into the contemporary curriculum has become increasingly important, especially when it comes to encouraging students' psychological health and holistic education. Indian Knowledge Systems, which have been a part of India's intellectual legacy for centuries, include traditional beliefs, practices, and educational techniques like yoga, meditation, ethical precepts, and value-based learning. These systems provide a strong emphasis on the harmonious growth of the mind, body, and spirit, which is in line with modern psychological theories about education, mental health, and personality development. With particular reference to educational institutions in the Faridabad District, the current study attempts to offer a psychological analysis of the function and applicability of Indian knowledge systems within the contemporary educational curriculum.
From a psychological perspective, incorporating aspects of Indian knowledge systems into academic programs can greatly improve students' social behavior, emotional stability, and cognitive capacities. It is well recognized that activities like yoga and meditation help students focus better, feel less stressed about their studies, and develop emotional control.
The study also looks at how contemporary psychology theories about learning, motivation, and self-improvement align with the tenets of Indian knowledge systems. Traditional Indian educational concepts of self-awareness, self-discipline, and mindfulness align with modern notions of emotional intelligence, resilience, and self-regulated learning. Educational institutions can establish a learning environment that is both culturally relevant and psychologically beneficial for students by integrating these ideas into the curriculum.
All things considered, this study emphasizes the possible advantages of incorporating Indian knowledge systems into contemporary Faridabad District education. By enhancing students' mental health, moral principles, and capacity for learning, such integration can support their holistic growth and enhance the educational process as a whole.
Keywords:
Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS), Modern Educational Curriculum, Educational Psychology, Holistic Development, Yoga and Meditation, Value-Based Education, Cognitive Development, Emotional Well-being, and Mindfulness.
| 28 |
Author(s):
Sagarika Kumari Shaw, Suvadeep Goswami, Chaitali Pal, Dr. Tuhin Roy.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
242-256 |
Spatio-Temporal Change and Anthropogenic Effect For The Decline Of The Saraswati River, Lower Ganga Delta: Integrating Historical Cartography, Hydraulic Morphometry, And Land Use Land Cover Change (1776–2025)
Abstract
Over time, natural processes and growing anthropogenic interventions have enhanced the degradation of distributary channels in the lower Ganga Delta. The Saraswati River, which was a distributary of the Bhagirathi system of the Hooghly system at one time, has had a great decline in its morphological and hydrological conditions. This paper studies the Spatio-temporal change of the river through the combination of historical cartography, hydraulic morphometry, and Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) dynamics between 1776 and 2025. Georeferences of archival sources, such as the Bengal Atlas, were used to reconstitute the channel patterns in the past, and multi-temporal Landsat (1990, 2005, and 2025) images were interpreted by applying supervised classification methods. Several stations were chosen for this study. Findings show that the downstream channel depth (previously 1.23 m) and discharge (previously 23.70 m3/s) decreased significantly and the width-depth ratio increased (> 45), a sign of widening channels and declining hydraulic efficiency. The LULC analysis shows that the built-up areas are growing at a rapid rate, and fallow land and vegetation are decreasing, which means that the pressure of people in the river corridor increases. This is further indicated by the historical evidence that diversion of the canals and massive interventions, especially under the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), have greatly changed the natural flow regimes. It shows a close connection between channel degradation and land use change, and it is necessary to implement an approach to managing rivers and sustainable planning to recover ecological stability in the deltaic river systems.
| 29 |
Author(s):
Dr. Neha Maggo, T Vennela Jaahnavi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Law
Page No:
257-266 |
Examining the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Reducing Judicial Burden
Abstract
Globally, the judiciary is dealing with an enormous backlog of cases that compromises the efficient administration of justice, especially in a populous country like India. Over 4.5 crore cases are still waiting in Indian courts as of 2025. This situation is made worse by a low judge-to-population ratio, which causes major delays, financial losses, and a high percentage of undertrial inmates. In this situation, effective and amicable substitutes for conventional litigation are provided by Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) procedures such arbitration, mediation, conciliation, and Lok Adalats.
The efficiency and efficacy of ADR in lowering judicial load are evaluated in this study using a qualitative doctrinal and comparative methodology. It is based on academic literature, judicial decisions, and statutory provisions. With global settlement rates in court-annexed programs approaching 60–80%, the results show that alternative dispute resolution (ADR), especially mediation, has significant potential to reduce court congestion. However, in India, despite the mandate under Section 89 of the Civil Procedure Code, ADR settlement rates remain low due to implementation issues.
The study indicates that ADR can dramatically reduce pending cases provided it is supported by stronger institutional structures, increased knowledge, and judicial encouragement. To provide prompt and accessible justice, ADR must be more successfully incorporated into the judicial system.
| 30 |
Author(s):
Dr. Dipti Shukla.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
267-273 |
Interconnectedness of Humans, Nature, and God: An Eco-Critical Study of The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho
Abstract
Interconnectedness of Humans, Nature, and God: An Eco-Critical Study of The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho
Dr. Dipti Shukla
Assistant Professor, Department of English
Dayanand Girls PG College, Kanpur
drdiptridbs@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper undertakes an eco-critical examination of Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist (1988), focusing on the triadic relationship between human consciousness, the natural world, and the divine. Drawing upon foundational frameworks in ecocritical theory—including the insights of Glotfelty and Fromm (1996), Garrard (2004), and Love (2003)—the study argues that Coelho's narrative radically departs from anthropocentric literary traditions by elevating nature to the status of a sentient, communicative co-participant in human destiny. Through the protagonist Santiago's transformative desert pilgrimage, the novel articulates a coherent eco-spiritual philosophy in which ecological attentiveness, spiritual evolution, and divine revelation are experienced not as discrete phenomena but as dimensions of a single, unified reality. The paper further contends that Coelho's portrayal of the 'Soul of the World' constitutes a literary enactment of what deep ecology theorist Arne Naess (1973) terms 'biocentric equality'—a recognition of intrinsic worth in all forms of life. By situating The Alchemist within both literary-ecological and contemporary environmental discourse, this study offers an original argument: that the novel functions as a veiled manifesto for ecological consciousness, urging readers to reconceive the human subject not as sovereign over nature but as embedded within and answerable to its unfolding logic.Keywords: ecocriticism, The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, eco-spirituality, Soul of the World, deep ecology, anthropocentrism, nature and divinity
| 31 |
Author(s):
अनिल वर्मा, डॉ. अभिषेक श्रीवास्तव.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
274-279 |
राजस्थान राज्य के टोंक क्षेत्र में स्थानीय पर्यटन के विकास में बीसलपुर बांध परियोजना के महत्त्व का भौगोलिक अध्ययन
Abstract
प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र राजस्थान राज्य के टोंक क्षेत्र, में स्थानीय पर्यटन के विकास में यहाँ स्थित बीसलपुर बांध परियोजना के महत्त्व के संबन्ध में किए गए भौगोलिक अध्ययन पर केन्द्रित है। शोधकर्त्ताओं द्वारा टोंक क्षेत्र के अंतर्गत बीसलपुर बांध परिसर में स्थित प्रमुख स्थलों को शामिल किया गया है जो कि विशुद्ध रूप से देवली कस्बे के अंतर्गत आते हैं। प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र में बीसलपुर बांध परिसर में स्थित पर्यटन इकाइयों, पर्यटन विकास से जुड़ी संभावनाओं, पर्यटन विकास में आ रही चुनौतियों एवं संबन्धित सुझावों को स्थान दिया गया है। निर्धारित विषय के अनुरूप शोधक्षेत्र में अध्ययन हेतु शोधकर्त्ताओं द्वारा प्राथमिक एवं द्वितीयक दोनों ही प्रकार के आँकड़ों को आधार बनाया गया है। प्राथमिक आँकड़ों के लिए शोधकर्त्ताओं द्वारा टोंक क्षेत्र में पर्यटन गतिविधियों में संलग्न कारोबारियों, स्थानीय निवासियों एवं पर्यटकों से साक्षात्कार के माध्यम से जानकारी जुटाई गई है। साक्षात्कार के अतिरिक्त शोधकर्त्ताओं द्वारा अवलोकन पद्धति को भी प्रयुक्त किया गया है। द्वितीयक आँकड़ों के अंतर्गत शोधकर्त्ताओं द्वारा पूर्व में प्रकाशित शोधपत्रों एवं सरकारी रिपोर्ट्स को आधार बनाया गया है।
| 32 |
Author(s):
Subhadeep Roy.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
280-287 |
The Krittivasi Ramayan: Re-imagining the Valmiki Ramayana as Sri Ram Panchali in Medieval Bengal
Abstract
The Ramayana is one of the most popular, universally read, and widely circulated literary works by the great sage Valmiki. Through the expansive reach of his imagination and the natural vigor of his language, Valmiki elevated the Ramayana to the status of an epic. Valmiki’s poetic strength is vast, his imagination grand, and his perspective universal. The poets of different languages in India adorned Valmiki’s Sanskrit Ramayana with the vibrancy of their own indigenous languages and cultures. A significant number of such versions trace their roots to Bengal. The epic was first translated into the Bengali language by the great poet Krittibas Ojha in the fifteenth century CE. Its influences and popularity have been such as to justify it being called the Bible of the people of Bengal. The Krittivasi Ramayan was instrumental in spreading Rama worship throughout Bengal. By making the story of Ramachandra accessible in the mother tongue, by translating the epic into accessible Middle Bengali, Krittibas Ojha moved away from the rigid rituals of Sanskrit orthodoxy. This shift mirrored the broader Bhakti movement, which prioritized heartfelt, personal devotion over complex traditional ceremonies. The poet immortalized the Bengali version of the Ramayana in such a manner that the people of Bengal, of all ages to come, would be able to find solace in grief, tranquility in anxiety, and restraint in enjoyment. This paper intends to delve into how Krittibas bridged the gap between ancient scripture and the common person, leaving a legacy for which Bengali society remains deeply indebted.
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Author(s):
Shahzeb Hasan, Dr. Dharam Vir Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Library and Information Science
Page No:
288-298 |
Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour of Postgraduate Students in the Digital Age: A Case Study of Chandigarh University
Abstract
Information Seeking Behaviour (ISB) is the process by which users determine their information requirements and actively seek out pertinent information through the use of different sources and systems. ISB has been greatly transformed in the current digital and AI-driven academic landscape because of the incorporation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), digital libraries, and artificial intelligence tools. The current research explores information seeking behaviour of postgraduate students at the Chandigarh University in the Faculty of Social Sciences.
The survey technique was used in the form of a structured questionnaire that was administered to 300 postgraduate students of which 260 respondents returned the questionnaires (response rate: 86.67%). The paper notes that online materials, search engines and AI-related applications have a substantial impact on the information seeking behaviors of students. Although use of libraries has been reduced, a hybrid between use of print and electronic resources is still predominant.
The results indicate that students like to have access to digital information fast but still use textbooks and reference materials to gain the academic depth. Information overload, insufficient advanced search skills, and knowledge of institutional digital resources are among the critical issues. The research finds that academic libraries need to incorporate AI tools, digital literacy initiatives, and user-centric services to stay pertinent in the changing knowledge ecosystem.
| 34 |
Author(s):
Raham Ali, Ritwik Mazumder.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
299-308 |
A Study on Factors Influencing Economic Sustainability of Maize Cultivation in Char Regions of Assam, India
Abstract
Abstract
This paper deals with the measurement of the economic sustainability of maize cultivation and the factors influencing it in the char region (small riverine islands or sandy bars located in the vicinity of the river basin) of Assam, India. To do so, a total of 674 maize cultivators were sampled covering both char and non-char (higher plain) regions. The char regions are characterized by flooding and waterlogging during the monsoons, which leads to soil erosion and sand deposition on cultivable land, rendering cultivation impossible in the summer months. In this connection, it may be mentioned that cultivators belonging to the char region usually have little to no income in the summer months. However, in the char region, wide-scale maize cultivation has been observed during the winter months. In fact, the present study found higher rate of economic viability in char region’s maize cultivators compared to non-char regions, which stood at 61.03 percent and 37.54 percent for the former and latter, respectively. The results indicate that the farmer with a higher level of education, longer farming experience, better access to irrigation, institutional credit, char regions and farm size are has positive influence, while dependency ratio, better financial status and alternative occupations have negative and significant influence on it. Hence, we call for a policy implication that these constraints be solved to enhance the income of these char cultivators in general and maize cultivators in particular.
Keywords: Char region, Economic Sustainability, Assam, Maize Cultivation and logit-probit.
