ShodhPatra: International Journal of Science and Humanities

Humour, Irony, and Social Critique: A Thematic Study of R.K. Narayan’s Novels

R.K. Narayan, one of India's most celebrated literary figures, masterfully employs humour and irony as powerful tools for social critique in his novels. This study explores how Narayan’s works reflect the complexities of Indian society, blending comedy with sharp observations on human behavior, tradition, and cultural change. Through his fictional town of Malgudi, Narayan captures the essence of ordinary life while addressing deeper social issues such as class divisions, gender roles, and the conflict between tradition and modernity. Narayan’s humour often arises from the everyday struggles of common people, presented with a subtle yet deeper sense of irony. His characters—ranging from ambitious shopkeepers to eccentric scholars—struggle with universal human dilemmas. Novels such as The Guide, Swami and Friends, and The Financial Expert exemplify Narayan’s ability to expose societal flaws without adopting a moralistic tone. His use of irony effectively critiques social norms, superstitions, and the rigidity of cultural expectations. By presenting complicated yet relatable characters, Narayan humanizes these issues, encouraging readers to think on societal values. This thematic study emphasizes how Narayan’s distinctive narrative style—marked by simplicity, wit, and psychological depth—enables him to critique social realities while maintaining a sense of warmth and humour. The research further argues that Narayan’s satire is not intended to ridicule but to inspire introspection, ultimately developing empathy and social awareness. By blending humour and irony with social critique, Narayan achieves a unique storytelling approach that continues to parallel with readers across generations. This article unfolds that Narayan’s skillful interplay of humour and irony serves as an effective vehicle for addressing significant social concerns, making his works both entertaining and thought-provoking. As a result, R.K. Narayan’s novels offer a timeless commentary on the human condition and societal complexities, reinforcing his place as a pioneer in Indian English literature.