ShodhPatra: International Journal of Science and Humanities

A Geographical Study of the Changing Population Trend in Bahraich District (U.P.)

Abstract : Bahraich district in Uttar Pradesh, India, has a rich historical and geographical profile, significantly impacting its demographic trends. The district’s proximity to the Ghaghra and Saryu rivers, along with a border with Nepal, has fostered a primarily rural, agriculturally driven economy. Over 90% of Bahraich’s population resides in rural areas, with urban migration gradually increasing due to employment opportunities. However, urbanization has created economic and infrastructural pressures, while rural areas struggle with low literacy, particularly among women, and limited healthcare. Population density varies, with high densities in agriculturally fertile zones and sparse populations in areas vulnerable to natural disasters. Migration patterns also reveal socioeconomic divides; rural-urban migration intensifies urban densities while exacerbating rural challenges. Literacy rates in Bahraich, though improving, are lower than state and national averages, with a significant gender disparity favoring males. The district faces considerable public health challenges, particularly malnutrition among children and women, further hindering socio-economic progress. Government and non-governmental programs target education, healthcare, and infrastructure, but disparities persist. Sustainable development and equitable infrastructure improvements, particularly in education and healthcare access, remain crucial for the district’s balanced development.