| 1 |
Author(s):
Prativa Subba, Sushma Rai, Akila Bhutia.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
1-9 |
Role of SHGs on Socio-Economic Life of Women: A Case Study of Sanganath, Ravangla, South Sikkim
Abstract
This study examines the role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in enhancing the socio-economic status of women, with specific reference to Sanganath. Both primary and secondary data sources were used, and a sample of 24 respondents was selected from 8 SHGs through simple random sampling method. The research aims to assess the socio-economic conditions of women before and after their participation in SHGs. The findings indicate a substantial positive impact of SHGs in the study area. After joining SHGs, members experienced increases in monthly income, stronger savings habits, and higher monthly savings. The study further shows that participation in SHGs enabled women to engage in various income-generating activities, which contributed to improved living standards and expanded employment opportunities for group members.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Vinothini S, Dr. S. Veena.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
10-16 |
Techno-Scaffolding in English Language Learning: A Review at the Secondary Level
Abstract
The integration of technology in English language instruction has transformed traditional pedagogical approaches, enabling more personalized and interactive learning experiences. Techno-scaffolding, a blend of technological tools and scaffolding strategies, facilitates learners’ gradual mastery of linguistic skills through guided digital environments. This review synthesizes research findings on the application of techno-scaffolding in language learning, particularly at the secondary level. Studies reveal that digital scaffolding through multimedia platforms, adaptive feedback, and collaborative tools significantly enhances learners’ engagement, comprehension, and achievement in English. However, disparities in accessibility, teachers’ digital competency, and contextual adaptability remain key challenges. The findings consistently demonstrate that techno-scaffolding enhances student achievement, engagement, and autonomy in English learning. However, research gaps remain in longitudinal analysis, comparative approaches, and localized curriculum integration. The review underscores the potential of techno-scaffolding as an effective pedagogical approach for improving English achievement at the secondary level. The review identifies critical gaps in empirical studies focusing on techno-scaffolding among secondary-level students in India, suggesting a need for more experimental research to measure its sustained impact on English achievement.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Dr. Gaytri Gohel.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
17-20 |
सरदार पटेल का स्त्री-सशक्तिकरण संबंधी दृष्टिकोण
Abstract
सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल भारतीय इतिहास के उन महान नेताओं में से एक हैं जिनके योगदान को प्रायः राजनीतिक एकीकरण और प्रशासनिक दृढ़ता के संदर्भ में रेखांकित किया जाता है; किंतु उनकी सामाजिक दृष्टि, विशेषकर भारतीय स्त्री की स्थिति और उसकी उन्नति के प्रति संवेदनशीलता, समानरूप से उल्लेखनीय है। यह शोध–पत्र सरदार पटेल के स्त्री–सशक्तिकरण सम्बन्धी विचारों, उनका दृष्टिकोण और कार्य को प्रस्तुत करता है। शोध पत्र में भारतीय स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में महिलाओं की बढ़ती भागीदारी, बारडोली सत्याग्रह में महिलाओं के नेतृत्व, महिला–शिक्षा पर पटेल की अवधारणाओं, सामाजिक कुरीतियों के विरुद्ध उनके दृष्टिकोण, और स्वतंत्र भारत में महिलाओं के लिए नीति–निर्माण संबंधी उनके योगदान का गहन अध्ययन किया गया है। अध्ययन से स्पष्ट होता है कि पटेल स्त्री–सशक्तिकरण को न केवल सामाजिक सुधार का आधार, बल्कि राष्ट्रीय उत्थान की अनिवार्य शर्त मानते थे। यह शोध यह भी दर्शाता है कि आधुनिक भारत में महिलाओं की सुरक्षा, शिक्षा, आर्थिक भागीदारी और राजनीतिक प्रतिनिधित्व की चुनौतियों को समझने में पटेल के विचार अभी भी उतने ही प्रासंगिक हैं जितने स्वतंत्रता-पूर्व और तत्कालीन काल में थे।
| 4 |
Author(s):
Rengani Handique, Siddhanta Bora.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
21-25 |
Unveiling Carnism: Patriarchy, Resistance, and the Female Body in Han Kang’s The Vegetarian
Abstract
Han Kang’s The Vegetarian (2007; trans. 2015) unfolds as a haunting meditation on resistance, embodiment, and ideological violence through the life of Yeong-hye, a South Korean woman who abruptly rejects meat consumption after a series of disturbing dreams. Her choice, dismissed by her family as madness, destabilizes patriarchal and cultural structures that naturalize dominance both over animals and women. This paper reads The Vegetarian through the theoretical lens of carnism, a concept articulated by Melanie Joy to describe the invisible belief system that normalizes meat consumption as natural, normal, and necessary. By situating Yeong-hye’s vegetarianism as an act of defiance against carnism and patriarchy, the study examines how the female body becomes the battleground for ideological control. Drawing also on Carol J. Adams’s The Sexual Politics of Meat, the analysis reveals how food, gender, and power intertwine in cultural narratives of consumption. Ultimately, Yeong-hye’s withdrawal into silence and vegetal being represents a radical redefinition of agency, one that challenges both anthropocentric and patriarchal forms of violence.
Keywords: Carnism, Patriarchy, Feminism, Female Body, Ideology, Resistance.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Topha Manham.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Humanities
Page No:
26-31 |
Christianity and the Transformation of Political Landscape among the Wancho Tribe: A Study of Longding District, Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract
The advent of Christianity among the Wancho tribe of Longding District, Arunachal Pradesh, has brought significant socio-cultural and political transformations. Traditionally governed through customary institutions rooted in clan authority and ritual legitimacy, Wancho society has experienced a gradual reconfiguration of political leadership, community mobilisation, and governance practices following large-scale religious conversion. This paper critically examines how Christianity has influenced local political structures, electoral behaviour, leadership patterns, and identity politics in the Wancho area. Relying on secondary sources such as academic literature, census data, government reports, and missionary accounts, the study adopts a qualitative and analytical approach. The findings suggest that Christianity has functioned as both a catalyst for political modernisation and a disruptive force to indigenous political institutions, resulting in a hybrid political order characterised by negotiation between tradition and modernity.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Karabi Das, Dr. Siba Ranjan Mahanta.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
32-42 |
Impact of Dual Responsibilities on Job Satisfaction of Female Graduate Teachers: Insights from Kamrup Metro and Kamrup District, Assam
Abstract
Female graduate teachers in Assam occupy a pivotal position in expanding access and quality in school education while simultaneously managing substantial family responsibilities. This paper, drawing solely on secondary sources such as national and state statistical compilations (UDISE+, Economic Survey of Assam), district-level datasets, and existing literature, explores how dual work–family responsibilities shape job satisfaction among women teachers. Classic frameworks including Work–Family Conflict theory and the Job Demands–Resources model are applied alongside contemporary Indian evidence on work–life balance, teacher deployment, pupil–teacher ratio, and women’s educational and labour indicators. The analysis reveals that role overload, time-based and strain-based conflicts, administrative workload, and limited autonomy emerge as primary demand-side stressors, while supportive leadership, predictable schedules, professional development opportunities, and access to childcare or social support function as vital resources that buffer conflict and enhance satisfaction. Distinct contextual differences are noted: Kamrup Metropolitan, with its higher urban literacy and institutional density, presents challenges linked to administrative intensity and interactional demands, whereas the more dispersed schooling pattern of Kamrup district accentuates commuting difficulties and workload imbalances. Policy recommendations highlight the need for administrative de-burdening, rationalized teacher deployment, strengthened in-school resources, and gender-responsive measures such as flexible timings, transport facilities, and creches. The study acknowledges its limitation in relying exclusively on secondary data, underscoring the value of future primary research to validate and deepen these insights.
Keywords: work–family conflict, teacher job satisfaction, women teachers, Assam, UDISE+, Job Demands–Resources
| 7 |
Author(s):
Niranjan Nayak.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
43-52 |
Communicative English Language Teaching and Learning: An Evolution in Revolution
Abstract
The teaching and learning of English have undergone a significant transformation in response to changing social, academic, and global communication needs. The conventional methods of teaching English Language placed much emphasis on grammatical correctness, memorisation and teacher-centred teaching and learning, which in most cases did not help learners in being able to interact in the real-life context. With the gradual development of the English language into a world language, the focus turned not on the teaching of formulas of linguistic knowledge but on communicative competence and the use of the language in practise. This shift is a revolution in a revolution in the English language education profession.
This paper examines the evolution of Communicative English Language Teaching and Learning as a dynamic and ongoing process rather than as a single methodological change. It examines the development of communicative practise during language learning in English that manifested via historical, theoretical, and pedagogical change in the context of learner centred, interaction-focused, and context-constrained strategies of learning. Although Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is considered an important step in this development, the study puts it in a larger context of communicative learning of the English language and incorporation of functional language use, the real world and the active involvement of the learner. The paper also brings out the transforming roles between teachers and learners, the significance of meaningful interaction, and the applicability of communicative learning of English in modern teaching and work.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Prof. Pramod Kumar Gupta, Shalini Rao.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
53-59 |
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar’s Social Philosophy: A Study of Caste, Dalits and Social Justice
Abstract
Indian society has long been plagued by problems such as caste-based inequalities, untouchability, and social injustice. Against these social evils, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar waged a powerful struggle through his ideas, movements, and constitutional efforts. This research paper aims to provide a sociological analysis of Ambedkar's social thought, specifically clarifying his concept of social justice by understanding the condition of Dalits from a subaltern (marginalized) perspective. This study is descriptive and analytical in nature and is based on secondary sources. The research utilizes Ambedkar's major works, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, sociological books, research articles, and government reports. Content analysis, thematic analysis, and historical and comparative methods have been employed for data analysis. The main themes of the study include caste annihilation, social justice, education and empowerment, and the subaltern perspective. The research reveals that Ambedkar considered the caste system to be the fundamental structure of social injustice and deemed its complete abolition essential for the establishment of social justice. He established Dalits not as objects of pity, but as rights-bearing citizens, and empowered them to become active agents of social change through his slogan, "Educate, Agitate, Organize." Ambedkar's concept of social justice is not limited to legal equality alone, but is based on respect, equal opportunities, and a life of dignity. The study concludes that Ambedkar's ideas remain highly relevant in contemporary Indian society due to the persistence of caste discrimination and social inequalities. The true establishment of social justice is possible not merely through laws, but through social consciousness, education, and structural transformation. Thus, Dr. Ambedkar's social thought provides a path towards an egalitarian, just, and humane direction for Indian society
| 9 |
Author(s):
Mohammad Sohail Khatri.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
60-66 |
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Practices and Their Impact on Customer Retention
Abstract
Customer retention is a vital objective for firms seeking sustainable competitive advantage. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) — comprising strategy, processes, people, and enabling technologies — has been widely adopted to improve customer satisfaction, loyalty, and lifetime value. This paper reviews theoretical foundations and empirical evidence on CRM practices and their effects on customer retention. It synthesizes classic CRM frameworks (e.g., Payne & Frow’s CRM continuum), analytical tools (RFM, CLV), and empirical findings showing that relationship-oriented processes, customer data analytics, personalization, service quality, and trust-building positively influence retention. It also discusses mediators (customer satisfaction, trust) and moderators (industry type, firm size, technology maturity). The paper proposes a conceptual model linking CRM capabilities to retention via satisfaction and trust, outlines a rigorous mixed-methods research design for empirical testing, and draws managerial and policy implications. Limitations and future research directions, including the role of AI and privacy concerns, are presented. Key recommendations include integrating CRM strategy with analytics, measuring CLV, investing in front-line training, and designing retention-focused metrics.
Keywords
Customer Relationship Management; CRM; customer retention; customer lifetime value; RFM; customer satisfaction; trust; CRM technology; personalization.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Pintu Barman.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
67-82 |
Bhagavad Gītā and Politics: Ethical Foundations, Political Duty and Contemporary Governance
Abstract
The relationship between ethics and politics has been a persistent concern in political theory across civilizations. In the Indian intellectual tradition, the Bhagavad Gītā occupies a central place in articulating ethical action, duty, leadership and moral responsibility. Although primarily regarded as a spiritual and philosophical text, the Gītā contains profound political insights relevant to governance, leadership, conflict resolution and democratic participation. This paper examines the relationship between the Bhagavad Gītā and politics by analysing its key concepts such as dharma, karma, nishkāma karma, leadership and moral decision-making. The study situates the Gītā within the broader framework of political theory and compares its ethical vision with classical and modern political thought. It argues that the Gītā provides a normative framework for politics that integrates moral discipline with practical engagement, offering valuable insights for contemporary democratic governance. The paper concludes that the Bhagavad Gītā remains a relevant ethical resource for addressing political apathy, leadership crises and governance challenges in modern societies.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Lekshmipriya H. Nair.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
83-88 |
The Role of Village Panchayaths in the Empowerment of Rural Women in Kerala
Abstract
Village panchayats in Kerala have played a pivotal role in empowering rural women by fostering participation, providing access to resources, and promoting gender equality. The empowerment of women through participation in Panchayathi raj became a reality after passing of the 73rd amendment act to the constitution.In the history of human development ,woman has been as important as man. Empowerment of women in all spheres and in particular the political sphere is crucial for their advancement and for the foundation of gender equal society. . It is central to the goals of equality, development and peace.Kerala known for it’s high literacy rate and progressive social policies.,has made significant strides in empowering rural women through village panchayaths.And also Village Panchayats have played a vital role in the state’s rural development and governanace.They are also responsible for local governance,development and services.The village Panchayats are promoting inclusive growth,social justice and sustainable development by empowering rural women . Through mechanisms such as reservation of seats, implementation of livelihood programmes like Kudumbashree and MGNREGS, and the functioning of Gender Resource Centres, panchayats facilitate women’s agency, mobility, and public visibility. Additionally, the panchayat-led delivery of health, education, and social protection schemes improves the overall quality of life and reduces structural gender inequalities. While challenges such as patriarchal resistance, limited financial autonomy, and capacity constraints persist, the role of village panchayats remains central to fostering inclusive rural development and enabling women to transition from passive beneficiaries to active stakeholders in governance
| 12 |
Author(s):
Bm Sameer Ali.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
89-96 |
Culture, Memory, and Ecological Lamentation: An Ecocritical Reading of Cry of a Dying River
Abstract
Rivers have long functioned as sustainers of civilizations and cultures. Beyond this material role, they also carry the memory and bear witness to the lives of the communities that dwell along their banks, shaping and being shaped by those cultures as inseparable participants in their histories. In the poetry collection Cry of a Dying River, Kshetrimayum foregrounds the Nambul River of Manipur, drawing attention to its ecological degradation while simultaneously reflecting on the region’s cultural, social, and political transformations. Through this portrayal, he establishes a parallel between ecological decline and the erosion of cultural life. This paper examines how the river operates as a repository of cultural memory and how its pollution and neglect give rise to ecological lamentation. Drawing upon ecocriticism, memory studies, and hydro-ecological perspectives, the study argues that Kshetrimayum’s poetry performs an act of environmental witnessing, where poetic lament resists ecological erasure and exposes the cultural amnesia accompanying modern development. By reading the river as both ecological victim and cultural archive, the paper situates Cry of a Dying River within the larger discourse of environmental humanities and Northeast Indian poetry on ecology.
Keywords: Ecocriticism, Ecological lamentation, Nambul river, Memory, Cultural erosion
| 13 |
Author(s):
Pankaj Kumar, Dr. Amar Bahadur Shukla.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
97-111 |
Maritime Security Challenges in South Asia: India’s Concern Against the String of Pearls
Abstract
Alfred Mahan once said “Whoever controls the oceans, runs the world.” This assertion holds considerable importance in the context of 21st-century geopolitics in the Indian Ocean area, as dominance over this region is increasingly becoming a strategic battleground for global powers. India has always wanted the region to remain free from interference by outside powers. In recent years, with India's strong prominence on the global stage, tensions have arisen over India's role and the challenges posed by its own neighbouring nation China. Due to this, the region of South Asia has become a strategic battleground in the geopolitical sense, where two big players in the form of India and China try to encircle each other to establish their influence. In this perspective, the maritime domain of South Asia has emerged as a key arena for geopolitical competition, driven by growing trade volumes and strategic rivalry. In today's world of shifting geopolitical landscapes and heightened maritime activities, India is strategically focused on enhancing its maritime diplomacy, necessitating a thorough comprehension of the "String of Pearls." This article examines the evolving maritime security situation in South Asia, with particular attention to India's strategic concerns about China's "String of Pearls" strategy. It delves into the origins of the concept, its main elements, and the implications for India's naval strategy and regional collaboration. Additionally, the study investigates India's strategic responses and suggests measures to strengthen maritime governance and security in the Indian Ocean region.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Jaysagar Wary.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
112-120 |
Saivism Tradition in the Koch Kingdom
Abstract
The religious history of ancient Assam reveals a continuous process of cultural interaction, transformation, and assimilation between indigenous non-Aryan communities and incoming Aryan traditions. Known in different historical phases as Pragjyotisha and Kamarupa, the region once encompassed extensive areas of present-day Assam and its adjoining regions. In the earliest period, the religious life of indigenous communities was predominantly shaped by the worship of natural elements and forces of nature. With the gradual spread of Aryan religious ideology, these indigenous belief systems underwent reinterpretation and were gradually incorporated into the broader framework of Hinduism. Vedic concepts of nature worship subsequently evolved into the organized worship of gods and goddesses, giving rise to Shaiva, Shakta, Tantric and Vaishnava traditions in Assam. Among these religious streams, Saivism emerged as a prominent and influential tradition, gaining wide acceptance among both tribal societies and ruling elites, particularly under the Koch dynasty. Through sustained royal patronage and the synthesis of Brahmanical and tribal ritual practices, the worship of Śiva became deeply embedded in the social and religious fabric of the region. Nevertheless, certain ritual practices associated with Saivism also gave rise to social tensions, which gradually contributed to a decline in its dominant position.
| 15 |
Author(s):
BASANTA MAIBAM, DR. NONIE LOUREMBAM.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
121-130 |
Cultural and Traditional Shifts Following Colonialism in Chinua Achebe’s No Longer at Ease and Arrow of God
Abstract
This paper examines the shifts and changes in Chinua Achebe’s No Longer at Ease and Arrow of God. The conflict of two cultures following colonialism brings out a new hybrid culture and identity. According to Homi K. Bhabha, this space created between the two cultures is the third space, and it is the key to the colonizers' imposition of new rules, cultures, languages, and institutions, which is crucial to suppressing and dominating the colonized population. This imposition leads to the degradation and even extinction of the colonized people's preexisting culture, tradition, norms, and religion. It also leads to the hybridization of culture, tradition, norms, and religion. Achebe brings out the changes and shifts in No Longer at Ease and Arrow of God. He shows the importance of culture, tradition, and faith in safeguarding the authenticity of the native people’s identity.Keywords: colonialism, identity, culture, hybridity, chinua achebe
| 16 |
Author(s):
Shreyas BS.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Public Administration
Page No:
131-135 |
A Study of Specific Cases to Elucidate Astroturfing Techniques and Policy Outcomes
Abstract
Around the middle of the 20th century, businesses funded the third-party groups that had no way related to them to influence and appeal the governments. This is when astroturfing started. Astroturfing is a good way to propagate incorrect information and shift political agendas since it uses secret sponsorship instead of open lobbying. The rapid advancements in Technology intensified the influx of Automated Bots, Fake social media accounts and orchestrated campaigns. These are the modus operandi of a state-sponsored deployed to split the public using Amplification techniques. Several studies observed that astroturfing is correlated with larger themes, including misinformation and corporate political tactic. Although Astroturfing is a new normal in political sphere, but the impact on Public Policies is seldom conversed. Therefore, Democracy is under threat when the genuine voices are impersonated and the interests of a few are propagated at large. This paper examines astroturfing as a deceiving strategy that impact the policymaking and disrupt the democratic institutions to benefit the lobbying groups. Consequently, the paper analyzes landmark sector-specific cases to find out how Astroturfing influences the policy outcomes through different techniques. The objective is to sensitize the stakeholders for better clarity and also suggest few countermeasures to lower down its impact.
| 17 |
Author(s):
नेमीचंद बडेरा.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
136-146 |
मारवाड़ में अकाल का ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण (1899-1947 ई.)
Abstract
यह शोध-कार्य 1899 से 1947 तक मारवाड़ क्षेत्र में आए अकालों के ऐतिहासिक क्रम, कारणों और प्रभावों का विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। इस अवधि में वर्षा-विफलता, कृषि-अस्थिरता और चरागाह-संकट जैसे प्राकृतिक कारणों के साथ-साथ औपनिवेशिक राजस्व-व्यवस्था, राहत नीतियों की कमजोरी, परिवहन-सुविधाओं का अभाव तथा अनाज वितरण तंत्र की विफलता जैसे प्रशासनिक-आर्थिक कारक भी अकाल की तीव्रता बढ़ाने में निर्णायक सिद्ध हुए। 1899–1900, 1911–12, 1918–20 और द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध काल (1939–45) में मारवाड़ ने बड़े पैमाने पर खाद्य-कमी, पशुधन-हानि, रोजगार संकट और जन-प्रवास का अनुभव किया।अकालों का सामाजिक प्रभाव अत्यंत व्यापक रहा—मृत्यु-दर में वृद्धि, बाल-विवाह, देह-व्यापार, वर्गीय असमानताएँ, जातीय-आधारित असुरक्षाएँ, पारिवारिक विघटन और सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं में परिवर्तन जैसी घटनाएँ व्यापक रूप से देखने को मिलीं। धार्मिक संस्थाएँ, सामाजिक संगठन और स्थानीय समुदाय कुछ हद तक राहत प्रदान करते रहे, किंतु संरचनात्मक सुधारों के अभाव में अकाल-चक्र लगातार जारी रहा। शोध यह सिद्ध करता है कि मारवाड़ में अकाल प्राकृतिक आपदा से बढ़कर सामाजिक-आर्थिक और राजनीतिक निर्मितियाँ भी थे। यह अध्ययन भविष्य में टिकाऊ कृषि-व्यवस्थाओं, जल-संरक्षण, ग्रामीण विकास तथा खाद्य-सुरक्षा नीतियों के निर्माण हेतु मूल्यवान दृष्टिकोण प्रदान करता है।
| 18 |
Author(s):
Dipanjali Sarma.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
147-151 |
Integrating Spirituality with Economics: Analyzing Srimanta Sankardeva’s Economic Ideals
Abstract
The paper speaks about the revolutionary impact of Srimanta Sankardeva’s teachings on Economic Development of Assam. In present scenarios people are aware that Sankaradeva was not only a “Dharma Guru” but also, he had a high managerial aptitude. The common people generally know him as a religious preacher, literary figure and cultural maestro. But he was more than that. He was a good innovator and planner. The concept of local self-administration was first introduced in Assam by Sri Sankaradeva through “Name Ghar” and thus he introduced the decentralisation of power. Commercial skilled weaving was practiced during the time of Sri Sakaradeva. The making of “Vrindavani Vatsra” is the best example of his commercial idea. The paper also addresses social, political and economic consequences of “Bhakti Movement” and the ongoing relevance to the socio-economic upliftment of the society.
Keywords: Economic Development, Local Self-Administration, Decentralisation of Power, Vrindavani Vatsra, Bhakti Movement
| 19 |
Author(s):
Sandipan Ghosh, Smita Banerjee, Dr.Abhisek Saha.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
152-165 |
Quantification of NWFP in Joypur Forest Range (JFR) and Their Utility on Economic Aspects: A Review
Abstract
In present day, we are facing lots of problems regarding pollutions, resource crisis, water related issues, job scarcity, economic imbalances which are the product of fastest growing economy as well as rapid growth of urbanisation and industrialisation. This review paper aims to evaluate the amount of NWFP and its economic aspects in the JFR. NWFPs are vital elements of forest ecosystems, supporting local livelihoods and the regional economy through the provision of diverse resources, including medicinal plants, fruits, nuts, resins, and fuel wood. This paper discusses the economic services provided by Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) with regards to income generation, rural employment, and the possibility of sustainable forest management practices for development. This study highlights the necessity for integrated strategies to safeguard and enhance NWFPs as an invaluable asset for both regional societies and the national economy. The study also conducted a thorough literature search, field surveys and data on NWFPs diversity, availability and consumption pattern in JFR. The volume and value of different types of NWFPs is reviewed, and their significance to the livelihood economy of neighboring communities is emphasized. They indicate that NWFPs possess high economic value, but their realization remains suboptimal owing to both management constraints and trade systems that are rarely organized. In conclusion, the review recommends strategies for enhancing the sustainable harvesting and marketing of NWFPs among local communities, such as capacity-building, awareness campaigns, and policy interventions to guarantee both ecological and economic sustainability in JFR.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Rakesh Kumar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
166-173 |
Global South Diplomacy: India’s Leadership Aspirations and the Ukraine War as a Test of South–South Solidarity
Abstract
India, through its diplomatic actions in favor of multipolarity and solidarity, is becoming an increasing force in world affairs; particularly in the context of the Global South, which includes developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. As part of this study on the leadership aspirations of India in Global South Diplomacy, we will be analyzing India’s position regarding the Ukrainian War as a test case of South-South solidarity. Our research will rely upon theories related to middle-power diplomacy and solidarity politics in order to analyze India’s neutral position on the conflict; its support for dialogue between Russia and Ukraine; and its initiative of consensus building at the G20 in order to create a unified front for the Global South against western pressure and Russian/Ukrainian division. The study demonstrates that India’s role in the Global South has been both enhanced (by being able to use the crisis to amplify Indian voices regarding the negative impact of sanctions on food security) and diminished (due to differing levels of alignment with Russia and criticism of economic opportunism). The study demonstrates that India’s approach to the crisis has increased solidarity among Southern states by focusing on common vulnerabilities; however, there are significant barriers to continued solidarity, including China’s competitive interest in Southern states and ongoing internal divisions. The study provides further evidence of the agency of the Global South in crises, while also demonstrating India’s ability to help bridge divides toward a reformed global order. Overall, the Ukrainian War illustrates both the strength and the limits of solidarity in a multi-polar geopolitical environment.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Sun Gogoi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
174-181 |
India’s Doctrine of ‘No First Use of Nuclear Weapons’: Analysis of the Commitment and its Credibility
Abstract
The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) Government of India adopted ‘no first use’ (NFU) doctrine when the country publicly conducted its first nuclear weapons test at Pokhran in 1998 and became a Nuclear Weapon State (NWS). This article demonstrates that the doctrine has served its expected purpose in the following years. That same year Pakistan also conducted nuclear weapons test following that of India. India described the 1974 test as a peaceful nuclear explosion. There is still some anxiety in India about the wisdom of this no first use of nuclear weapons doctrine. A section of scholars and strategists believe that India could have adopted the option of using its nuclear weapons first whenever the nation’s defense requires it. The primary objective of India’s nuclear weapons is to deter the use and threat of use of nuclear weapons against India. Taking into account India’s hostility with Pakistan and China and India’s quest for an independent foreign policy, this article examines the credibility of the nuclear doctrine of India as a deterrence of war. The article also explores the strategic aspects of India’s advocacy for global nuclear disarmament.
Keywords: India, nuclear weapons, foreign policy, credibility, deterrence, strategic, disarmament
| 22 |
Author(s):
Pankaj Kumar Mahato.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Commerce
Page No:
182-196 |
Sustainable Development through Infrastructure, Industrialization, and Innovation: A study of SDG 9 in India
Abstract
This study presents an analysis of India's progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 9, focusing on infrastructure, industrialization, and innovation. It explores the nation's commitment to SDG 9 and the significant progress made through various government initiatives. The study also reveals disparities across states, where some states are lagging due to weak manufacturing bases, uneven innovation capacities, and digital access gaps. It employs a descriptive and analytical methodology on data collected from NITI Aayog. This research identifies critical challenges and proposes actionable pathways. It advocates a crucial shift from mere infrastructure expansion to productive utilization, distributed innovation ecosystems, and outcome-based governance to ensure inclusive and accelerated SDG 9 achievement for a 'Viksit Bharat'.
| 23 |
Author(s):
Nyage Riba.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
197-205 |
Income Contribution of the Non-Farm Sector in Rural Households of Leparada District, Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract
Rural livelihoods in hilly and geographically isolated regions like Arunachal Pradesh are increasingly shaped by income diversification strategies beyond agriculture. This study examines the extent, structure, and determinants of non-farm income among rural households in Leparada district. Using primary data collected through household surveys and qualitative interviews, supported by secondary sources, the paper analyses how non-farm activities contribute to household income, livelihood security, and socio-economic transformation. The findings reveal that non-farm income constitutes a significant share of total household earnings, particularly for small and marginal farmers and land-poor households. Participation in non-farm activities improves income stability, reduces vulnerability to agricultural risks, and enhances access to education and health services. However, infrastructural constraints, skill shortages, limited market access, and institutional barriers restrict the expansion of the rural non-farm sector. The study argues that strengthening the non-farm economy is essential for inclusive rural development in Leparada district and similar frontier regions.
